Vocabulary: (The Renaissance and the Reformation)

-Humanism: a new way of understanding the world developed in the 15th and 16th centuries.
-Renaissance: a change in thought led to a new cultural movement based on classical secular art.
-Protestant reformation: in this period, people began to criticise the corruption and abuses of the Catholic Church. This unrest led to a reform movement.
-Patron: is someone who gives money and support to a person or organisation and their
 activities.
-Perspective: the technique that gives paintings a three dimensional character.
-Printing press: a machine invented in the 15th century for producing text and images in large quantities.
- Protestant: a member of the Christian church that broke from the Catholic Church during the Reformation.
-Reformation: the movement to reform the Catholic Church that led to the Protestant  churches in the 16th century.

The Reformation.

At the end of the Middle Ages, people began to question the attitudes of high clergy.
The protestant Reformation began with Lutheranism:salvation throught faith and Bible.
Other protestant doctrines included Calvinism and Anglicanism.


Martin Luther: (Lutheranism).
   Lutheranism was based on 3 fundamental principles:
                                                        - salvation throught faith alone
                                                        - universal priesthood
                                                        - authority of the Bible


Lutherans believes on Lutheranism:
           - each man could interpret the Bible alone
           - without the invention of the church


Catholic Counter-Reformation.
  The spread of the Reformation in Europe led the Catholic authorities in Rome to persecute Protestants and begin and reform of their own church.
  The Reform of the Catholic Church was known as the Counter-Reformation.
  It began with the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
  The Council reaffirmed the main dogmas of Catholicism.
                                                                 - faith
                                                                 - the sanctity of mass
                                                                 - the seven sacraments
                                                                 - worship of virgin and saints

An interesting Renaissance video.

Printing Press

Renaissance art

The Renaissance and the Reformation.

* Summary:
  - In the 15th and 16th centuries, a new way of understanding the world developed, called humanism (began in Italy).
  - This change in thought led to a new cultural movement based on classical secular art called the Renaissance.
  - In this period, people began to criticise the corruption and abuses of the Catholic church. This unrest led to a reform movement known as the Protestant Reformation. Christianity in Europe became divided between Catholics and Protestants.
  - German Johannes Gutemberg invented the Printing Press.