The Renaissance and the Reformation.

* Summary:
  - In the 15th and 16th centuries, a new way of understanding the world developed, called humanism (began in Italy).
  - This change in thought led to a new cultural movement based on classical secular art called the Renaissance.
  - In this period, people began to criticise the corruption and abuses of the Catholic church. This unrest led to a reform movement known as the Protestant Reformation. Christianity in Europe became divided between Catholics and Protestants.
  - German Johannes Gutemberg invented the Printing Press.